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Training network for tracking and controlling therapeutic immune cells in cancer

Cancer immunotherapies have been established  in a growing number of clinical indications and the pace of development is massively accelerating. Currently over 6.000 clinical trials are investigating immune-related treatments in oncology especially in combinations. It includes both adoptive cellular therapies and immune modulating treatments like immune check point blockade. In contrast, the understanding of how such therapies mediate their mode of action is still mostly poorly understood. In particular, the role of distribution and relocation of immune cells after therapeutic interventions remains unknown. This is surprising, as immune cell interactions are a hallmark of therapeutic immune responses. T-RAFIC will enhance understanding of immune cell trafficking under therapeutic influence. It will open new paths and avenues to treatments, boost their efficacy and help prioritizing the plethora of immune therapeutic combinations. In the past, detailed analysis of cellular distributions was facing technical barriers. Advances in technologies, now permit tracking and visualization of cells in vitro and in vivo at an unprecedented resolution, allowing for the first time studies on immune cells under therapeutic influence. This emerging field of research has enormous potential and key importance for next generation of researchers in oncology and beyond. However, experts in this field are missing and this threats European research, development and medicine. Therefore, T-RAFIC joins forces of 13 academic and three industrial partners from nine European countries to conduct an innovative and interdisciplinary approach combining cell imaging with bioinformatics, cell engineering and clinician expertise. The network bundles recognised expertise in cancer immunotherapies, empowering European research and innovation and ensuring a sustainable cooperation in science and training.

METABOLIC REGULATION OF GENOME  FUNCTION AND CELL IDENTITY

NUCLEAR aims at educating future experts that can drive the emerging field of Metabolic Regulation of Genome Function and Cell Identity relevant for stem cell biology and cancer. It is a Doctoral Training Network composed of 14 beneficiaries and 12 partner organisations including three industrial partners, a training-oriented foundation, a patient support association from 8 EU member states, 1 associated country and a non-EU member state self-funding itself to the level of beneficiary. Given the highly interdisciplinary nature of this emerging field, no single institution can provide all suitable infrastructures and the know-how required for high-quality PhD-level training. To address this shortfall in training capacity, NUCLEAR brings together European leaders in metabolomics, functional genomics, chromatin regulation, stem cell biology and cancer with innovators in precision nutrition, mass spectrometry technologies and drug development. Together we are committed to the following: 1. To train 16 doctoral candidates (DCs) through an innovative program structured in four capacity axes and occurring on three complementary levels to deliver enabling scientific and transferable skills. 2. To guide DCs in collaborative research bridging boundaries of countries, sectors, and disciplines. 3. To address three key challenges that limit the advancement and exploitation of the field and that are the lack of tools to measure nuclear metabolism, the lack of understanding of underlying molecular mechanisms and the lack of targets for novel cancer therapies.  4. To build lasting infrastructures for dissemination, communication and exploitation promoting an entrepreneurial culture and maximizing and extending the impact of this proposal beyond its lifetime.  5. To increase the international visibility of European research by taking leadership in the emerging field of Metabolic Regulation of Genome Functions and Cell Identity.

Complex lipid membranes for science and technology

“CLIMB-Complex lipid membranes for science and technology” is a doctoral network of leading European lipid-research laboratories with highly complementary research expertise and training capabilities, which will allow participating PhD students to develop a wide range of research and transferable skills attractive to employers in both academic and industrial sectors. The research themes focus on the hypothesis that comprehensive understanding of the role of compositional complexity on “yet to be explored” structural properties and membrane-driven interactions is key to developing complex lipid-based nanomaterials that mimic the cellular environment and function as high-performance sustainable materials. A central aspect of the CLIMB programme is the development and physicochemical characterization of structure and stability of aggregates formed by novel lipid mixtures including natural extracts and novel protective polymer/peptoid-based coatings. Scientific results will be made available to non-academic partners to assess its possible translation into applications in the fields of mRNA delivery, bio-sensor development, and “green” formulations, areas in line with some of the grand challenges identified by EU. These objectives will be achieved by combining advanced and complementary experimental approaches from chemistry, physics, biology, and computational sciences. Through close collaboration with a network of both small and large industrial partners, the trainees will receive direct hands-on experience, and will gain insights into how lipid-based materials are used in innovative applications. In summary, CLIMB aims to advance the current knowledge on the interplay between structure, functions, interaction, and compositional complexity in lipid membrane. The generated results will contribute to important knowledge transfer between academia and the companies involved, promoting and increasing the success rate for innovations of grand societal challenges.

Isolating the first ARCtic GIant viRUSes and their bioactive compounds (ARCGIRUS)

Giant viruses (GVs) comprise a ubiquitous and unique viral group. Their large genomes encode a majority of proteins with unknown functions, an important but overlooked source for new biotechnological breakthroughs. Most known GVs have been isolated in hosts from the genus Acanthamoeba and none has yet been found from the Arctic, one of the most important ecosystems in the world. This came as a surprise considering various metagenomic studies revealed the presence of GVs worldwide, especially in marine ecosystems. More studies on host-GVs interaction also bring forth their potential for viral-derived bioactive compounds. Hence, this project (ARCGIRUS) aims to innovate in giant virus research by (O1) isolating the first algal-infecting giant virus from the Arctic. This will overcome the Acanthamoeba-focused host bias and at the same time explore an important but never studied environment in this field. Then, I will (O2) characterize the isolates, and (O3) develop a novel method using mass spectrometry to find potential bioproducts at the phenotypic level from cells infected with giant viruses. The biological data obtained through this project will have an impact on virology and evolutionary biology, likely leading to interesting basic research projects and applied science advances, in addition to increased awareness of the Arctic virosphere, and nature in general. The GVs isolates and publications generated through this project will become important references in the field and open the possibility of collaboration. The use of social media and collaboration with museums will advertise the study of GVs and raise awareness of their role in the marine microbiome to general audiences. Overall, the novelty of finding giant viruses infecting microalgae from the Arctic, together with the training and knowledge acquired from this fellowship, will support my career goal of becoming a leading polar microbiologist specializing in giant viruses.

Assessing Human Health Impacts of Maritime Air Pollution

While local air pollutants are well-known to have detrimental impacts on human health, we lack a complete understanding of the economic costs imposed by the negative health effects from exposure to maritime air pollution. In addition, because health effects are uncertain and likely to be heterogeneous due to the non-uniform population distribution and location of ships, it is difficult to design efficient policies to mitigate maritime emissions.  Nevertheless, the transition to a net-zero emissions economy will require the implementation of policies to curb emissions in the maritime sector.  By combining detailed Norwegian administrative data with highly granular geo-referenced data on shipping routes and air pollution, MARHEALTH aims to quantify the health effects of maritime air pollution and to assess the effectiveness of pollution mitigation policies in the shipping sector. These objectives will be addressed through three specific subgoals: 1) Generate high-quality data sets by combining administrative health and socio-economic data on individuals with highly granular geo-referenced data on shipping routes of all container and passenger vessels and satellite- and ground-based environmental data on air quality and weather. Further, I will collect and merge information on the transition from fossil fuel-operated to electrified passenger ships.  2) Empirical analysis of the health impacts of maritime air pollution by estimating causal impacts of pollution from ports. Linked data on health outcomes with socioeconomic characteristics of individuals allows me to uncover socio-demographic disparities in the health effects of exposed individuals. 3) Empirical quantification of the benefits of green transition policies in the maritime sector by merging the environmental and individual-level data with information on shipping routes of electrified vessels to econometrically recover causal estimates.

Network for Cross-disciplinary assessment of Endocrine Disrupting compounds: training the next generation of toxicologists

The EU has flagged endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), which interfere with normal hormonal function leading to adverse health effects, of particular concern. Within different EU regulatory programmes the assessment of EDCs has recently changed significantly and continues to evolve rapidly. Advances in test methods for assessment of EDCs are needed to meet these changing regulatory requirements, and a new generation of toxicologists must be trained to support the implementation of the most advanced approaches. NeXED will address three critical challenges in this area. First, human and environmental EDC assessment have historically been separate disciplines while there is an increasing need to use data across species in a One Health approach. Second, EDC assessment currently addresses single compounds while in an environmentally realistic scenario organisms are faced with complex mixtures of EDCs. Third, new test methods for EDC assessment are needed, covering less well-characterised mechanisms and effects. NeXED aims to facilitate a paradigm shift in EDC assessment by training a new generation of cross-disciplinary toxicologists specialised in using harmonised approaches in a One Health framework. NeXED will train its 15 doctoral candidates through research, secondments and training events using an interdisciplinary and intersectoral training programme. NeXED brings together 9 Beneficiaries and 11 Associated Partners from 10 countries, building upon long-standing collaborations through existing projects including the Horizon 2020 EURION projects and the Horizon Europe Partnership on the Assessment of Risk from Chemicals (PARC). The consortium includes leading researchers from institutions with excellent doctoral training programmes who are all experts in ED assessment, as well as industry partners, regulatory agencies, SMEs and consultancy firms. With its complementary expertise the consortium is ideally placed to train the NeXED generation of toxicologists.

NeuroNanotech will train eleven researchers to tackle one of the major challenges in Europe’s ageing population - neurological diseases. The ability to monitor and modulate neural activity using interfaces has enabled a better understanding of brain function and has led to therapeutic solutions for some neurological disorders. Yet, fundamental technological challenges, such as ensuring proper brain tissue interfacing and reliable long-term recording/stimulation after implantation, impede widespread clinical use. New approaches to provide effective treatments are urgently needed.  NeuroNanotech will develop novel nanostructured flexible neural interfaces with highly improved tissue integration, minimizing foreign-body reactions and tissue scarring and allowing stable stimulation treatments. As main innovation, we will develop minimally invasive, ultra-sensitive spintronic magnetic sensors able to record stably without interfering with stimulation signals and avoiding electrode degradation. Connecting both interfaces, we will construct a low-invasive, closed-loop neurostimulation system that integrates feedback signals from the neural activity and provides real-time stimulation of the target structures according to the patient´s needs.  To achieve these goals, NeuroNanotech brings together experts in nanotechnology, device engineering, neuroscience and clinical neurology. The individual research projects are highly interconnected, ensuring interdisciplinary training. Researchers will benefit from training in advanced research and relevant complementary skills, imparted by an international and intersectoral consortium of research institutes, universities, companies, hospitals and social organisations from 9 different countries. We will provide researchers a unique environment focused on innovation and collaboration, with a view to commercial applications of the research results. This framework will open researchers avenues in both academia and health-related industry.

Nanoplatforms for Neuroscience

InSilicoHealth- Training the virtual twin professionals to support healthy ageing

InSilicoHealth aims to train doctoral candidates in the field of virtual human twin technology, with a specific focus on addressing challenges related to healthy aging in Europe in three core domains: heart, musculoskeletal, and brain. There is a two-way transfer between the research projects and the interdisciplinary training programme,  in which candidates will receive a broad education that spans different fields relevant to digital health. A compelling interdisciplinary joint degree-DN programme for 11 DCs is proposed answering four interdisciplinary research objectives, shouldered by intersectoral training components (i.e., academic and non-academic secondments) to prepare a new generation of outstanding digital health professionals.   InSilicoHealth will provide a comprehensive and forward-looking programme that combines research, interdisciplinary training, and collaboration with industry to address the complex challenges of healthy ageing, using virtual human twin technology. The DCs will be actively encouraged to surpass the technology-driven focus and to explicitly addressing the ethical, legal societal implications of VHT technologies. By providing the DCs with a 360° view on the methodological, technological, ethical, social, and regulatory challenges associated with this digital revolution of healthcare, InSilicoHealth is conceptualized as a steppingstone for a sustainable EU-based, doctoral programme on in silico health.

The HEPI (Health Economics for Policy Impact) proposal utilise an existing European research infrastructure, the ELIXIR, to develop the scientific integration of Europe and Africa in the area of health economics, and to promote better integration of research in policy processes. Our Objectives for HEPI are directly aligned with the key areas of ‘sustainable growth and jobs’ and ‘peace, security and governance’ outlined in the European Union and European External Action Service’s ‘Towards a comprehensive strategy with Africa’, specifically in the field of population health and health system strengthening. We will (i) facilitate improved policy and research interactions in health economics and financing in Africa, (ii) foster alignment between academic and political infrastructures in health economics across Europe and Africa and facilitate the sharing of resources, (iii) strengthen capacity at institutional level, and (iv) strengthen the capability of individual researchers and policymakers to produce, interpret and apply health economic evidence.   We will establish and expand Health Economics Communities of Practice (HE COPs) in both East and West Africa. These platforms will bring together stakeholders from member states’ policy and academic communities to strengthen health economics knowledge, support the uptake of research evidence into policy, and enhance collaboration on pertinent health policy issues. We will align academic and political infrastructures in Europe and Africa in the field of health economics, and lay the foundation for sharing of materials, methods and data. We will support higher education institutions to enhance their capacity in training highly skilled professionals proficient in health economics methods. Finally, we will promote individual capability building by providing personalized guidance and support through a 2 year mentorship program. 

Health Economics for Policy Impact

This SUSCARE project addresses the call for proposals on global health by proposing an international partnership between Norwegian and Colombian Universities, Research Institutes, and International Diabetes Federation, Colombia. The primary objective of SUSCARE is to establish a long-term partnership on advancing “SDG 3-Good Health and Well-being” by fostering the Norwegian government`s “Better Health, Better Lives” goal. The main purpose of this pre-project is to build a consortium and lay the theoretical and practical foundations for applying for Collaborative and Knowledge-building Projects (KSP) in Global Health in 2025 aimed to implement and evaluate a sustainable and equitable Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT) Based Patient-centred framework for self-management of type 2 diabetic (T2D). Overall, this pre-project will help to get a better overview of the research challenges, perform necessary assessments of user requirements and research needs to improve self-management of T2D, identify, and engage potential stakeholders, and make concrete development goals and research direction for the KSP application to be submitted in March 2025.

A Sustainable AIoT Based Nutritional Recommender for Self-Management of Type 2 Diabetes among Adult Population

Midlene fra PES-HORISONT-EU-PES Horisont Europa fordelt på år

Midlene fra PES-HORISONT-EU-PES Horisont Europa fordelt på fylker

Midlene fra PES-HORISONT-EU-PES Horisont Europa fordelt på fagområde

Daglig leder

The project aims to develop a high-fidelity MVP of robotic furniture designed to optimize urban living spaces and enhance life quality. This initiative merges advanced robotics and AI with practical design to address space efficiency in densely populated areas.

Key R&D challenges include integrating robotics and AI to create adaptable furniture systems, ensuring safety through rigorous testing and third-party certifications, and applying real-world feedback to refine functionality. The project involves significant technical and regulatory hurdles in engineering consumer-friendly, safe, and responsive furniture.

Starting December 2024, a three-month pilot phase with selected Norwegian businesses will test the product's real-world application and collect operational data. Feedback from end-users will be gathered through qualitative interviews, informing iterative improvements to enhance design and functionality.

This project leverages existing scientific, technical, and business knowledge in innovative ways, aiming to develop a unique product that sets new industry standards. It is characterized as experimental development, pushing technological boundaries in furniture design.

By February 2025, feedback and pilot data will be used to finalize a market-ready product, ensuring it meets user needs for functionality and aesthetics. This initiative represents a pioneering effort to transform urban living, combining experimental development with practical application to create sustainable and adaptable living solutions.

Development of high-fidelity MVP of AI driven robotic furniture to be piloted in realistic environment with pilot clients.

Ioniserende stråling er koblet til en rekke kreft i mennesker, inkluderte gastrointestinal tumorer. Men informasjon om lavdoser og lav dose hastigheter effekter mangler. Prosjektet brukt en ApcMin/+ mus model som er følsomme til utviklingen av gastrointestinal tumorer. I 2015, mer en 500 mus ble bestrålt over 2 måneder til doser av 1 of 3 Gy ved FIGARO bestrålingsanlegg ved NMBU. Deretter ble de sent til Public Heath England for oppfølging av tumor utviklingen, pluss en rekke genotoksiske og andre endepunkter. Risk faktorer fra kroniske bestrålingen skal ble sammenlignet med risk fra sammen dosen gitt som akutte bestråling (data analyse pågår. Resultatene viser en dose avhengige genotoksiske respons i mus. Biomarkerer utviklet i mus er også testet i en rekke andre organismer (zebrafiske, c elegans).

This project is part of an application to the DoReMi internal call to consortium partners for integrated activities. The project addresses the collaborative projects accross WPs and the access to infrastructure part of the call. The project is a collabrat ion between three DoReMi consortium partners: NMBU/CERAD (University of Life Sciences, Centre of Excellence in Environmental Radioactivity), Public Health England (PHE, UK) and Folkehelse(NPHI, Norway). The proposal had been accepted by the DoReMi consort ium. The project application summary refers to NMBUs contribution to the Clogigat project.  

The aim of CLOGIGAT is to compare the quantitative effects of chronic low dose-rate (1.6 mGy h-1) and acute high dose-rate (3 Gy h-1) exposures to gamma radiatio n in the well characterised characterised ApcMin/+ mouse model of gastrointestinal tumorigenesis. The project will also give information on the genotoxicity of chronic vs. acute irradiation. The genotoxicity assessments will be done in blood, with transfe rability potential to humans following exposure to gamma irradiation. The project will increase the understanding of colon cancer development following chronic vs. acute gamma irradiation, and if the stage of the cancer development is correlated with geno toxic responses observed in blood samples. The profiling of the epigenetic regulatory miRNA in serum can potentially establish markers for both exposure and effects, also with transferability possibilities to humans. These studies will therefore contribut e to the evidence base for and inform the judgement on DDREF. In this respect, the proposed study is timely as ICRP has recently established a Task Group to examine the issue of risk inference at low doses and dose rates (Task Group 91).

Overall, the pro ject will contribute towards an improved knowledge of low dose/dose rate radiation cancer
risk, which is a key aim of DoReMi WP5, and is in line with key reaearch areas in the EC EURATOM programme.

Effects of Chronic LOw-dose Gamma Irradiation on GAstrointestinal Tumorigenesis

En stor andel av ikke-flyktige radionuklider slik som uran og plutonium som slippes ut i miljøet fra kjernevåpen og kjernekraftsyklusene vil forekomme som partikler med størrelser fra mindre enn mikrometer til fragmenter (>2 mm). Slike partikler kan transportere store mengder radioaktivitet og assosierte metaller, og de kan fungere som radioaktive punktkilder. Forskning indikerer at radionuklider som er assosiert med slike partikler oppfører seg annerledes i miljøet enn de som er tilstede på mobile former som for eksempel ioner. Partikkelkarakteristika som elementsammensetning, atom- og elementforhold avhenger av egenskaper ved utslippskilden mens partikkelstørrelse, struktur og oksidasjonstilstander er tett knyttet til utslippsbetingelsene. Etter et radioaktivt nedfall vil overføring av partikkelbundne radionuklider til næringskjeder forsinkes sammenliknet med radionuklider som finnes som mobile tilstandsformer. Nå vitring av partiklene inntrer vil radionuklider frigjøres fra partikkelmatriks og bli mer tilgjengelig for opptak i næringskjedene. De observerte distribusjonskoeffisientene (Kd) og overføringshastigheter til biota (CR) vil dermed forandre seg over tid slik at det er mer korrekt å beskrive de som tidsfunksjoner enn som konstanter slik det gjøres per i dag.
Dette prosjektet er NMBUs bidrag til det EU finansierte COMET -RATE-prosjekt. Prosjektet har fokusert på karakterisering av radioaktive partikler, vitringshastigheter, remobilisering og vurdering av overføringshastigheter for radionuklider assosiert med partikler av uran og plutonium som stammer fra ulike kilder slik som kjernevåpenprøvesprenginger, kjernekraft- og kjernevåpenulykker og naturlig forekommende radioaktivt materiale (NORM). NMBU har bidratt til en partikkeldatabase basert på nanometer-millimeter store partikler fra en rekke ulike kilder. Nye state-of-the-art metoder for partikkelkarakterisering er basert på avanserte nano- og mikroanalytiske teknikker. NMBU har sammen med partnere utviklet metoder som gjør det mulig å kvantifisere og følge endringer av  partikler som følge av eksponering til ulike væsker som for eksempel regnvann, simulert magesaft og vomsaft fra ku. Det er også mulig å måle vitringshastigheter bidrar til at partikkelbundne radionuklider overføres til mer mobile og mer biotilgjengelige tilstandsformer. Resultater fra utlekkingsforsøkene viser at partikkelvitring avhenger av partiklenes egenskaper slik som oksidasjonstilstanden for uran og plutonium, og at retensjon av partikler i jord og sedimenter vil forsinke overføring i næringskjedene sammenliknet med kontaminasjon med radionuklider på ioneform. Dataene er viktige for å kunne forbedre modellene som brukes til å forutsi miljøpåvirkninger av radioaktiv forurensing. Tidligere forskningsstudier har vist at det er et visst potensial for at radioaktive partikler kan tas opp og holdes tilbake i levende organismer. For å detektere og lokalisere radioaktive partikler som tas opp i biota, har NMBU sammen med partnere utviklet nye state-of-the-art nano- og mikroanalytiske metoder som ble testet på ulike organismer fra økosystemer som er forurenset med radioaktive partikler. Resultatene viser at partikler kan tas opp i terrestriske snegler og marine skalldyr, og at partikler som holdes tilbake i vev kan fungere som radioaktive punktkilder over lang tid, potensielt så lenge organismen lever. Fenomenet med retensjon av radioaktive partikler i biota ble også demonstrert i laboratorie-eksperimenter.
Dette prosjektet har bidratt til ny kunnskap om partikkel-nedfall fra en nukleær hendelse, tidsavhengig remobilisering av partikkelbundne radionuklider og at tidsfunksjoner bør erstatte konstanter for å forbedre modeller for dose, miljøpåvirkning og risiko.

A major fraction of refractory radionuclides such as U and Pu released to the environment from the nuclear weapon and fuel cycles is present as particles ranging from submicrons to fragments. Such particles can carry a substantial amount of radioactivity  (e.g., fission and activation products, transuranics) and associated metals, and can act as point sources. Furthermore, U particles (progenies, metals) are present at NORM sites. Research indicates that particle characteristics such as composition, atom a nd element ratios depend on the emitting source, while particle size, structure and oxidation states are closely linked to the release scenarios. Following deposition, ecosystem transfer of particle associated radionuclides are delayed compared to mobile  radionuclide species; i.e., ecosystem transfer would be delayed until particle weathering and remobilisation of associated radionuclides occur. The apparent soil-water distribution coefficient (Kd) will therefore change over time, and the thermodynamic co nstant concept should be replaced with rate functions. Thus, the present project focuses on particle characteristics, weathering rates, remobilization and prediction of ecosystem transfer of radionuclides associated with U and/or Pu containing particles o riginating from selected key sources (nuclear weapons tests, safety tests, conventional detonation of nuclear or DU weapons, nuclear reactor accident, NORM). Utilizing advanced techniques, leaching experiments in which well characterized particles are exp osed to abiotic and biotic degradation agents will be performed under different temperature conditions of relevance for the Arctic and for temperate zones. The parameterization should reduce uncertainties in model predictions on ecosystem transfer and env ironmental impact associated with particle contaminated areas, linking particle properties to sources, and linking particle properties to weathering rates under different environmental conditions.

Radioactive particle transformation processes

Europa, og verden for øvrig, trenger radiokjemikere. Flere rapporter peker imidlertid på at det er et stort og bekymringsfullt gap mellom antall kandidater som utdannes sammenlignet med industriens og samfunnets behov. EU har derfor kjørt et treårig prosjekt - CINCH - for å planlegge hvordan utdanning og trening av radiokjemikere best skal gjøres i fremtiden. Prosjektet var vellykket og et oppfølgingsprosjekt - CINCH-II - viderefører arbeidet.

Mange assosierer radiokjemi kun med kjerneenergiverk og tilhørende nukleær industri. Dette er ikke korrekt, da radiokjemikere representerer grunnleggende kompetanse innen en rekke andre viktige områder som nukleærmedisin, radiokjemiske analysemetoder for industriell bruk (for eksempel oljeindustrien og hydrometallurgis industri), samt forvaltning og ulykke-/terrorberedskap.

I Norge utdannes radiokjemikere kun ved universitetene i Oslo og på Ås. Begge disse universitetene ble invitert med inn i CINCH prosjektene, og for CINCH-II ble Universitetet i Oslo (UiO) bedt om å lede arbeidspakken rettet mot fjernundervisning og e-læringsverktøy. Som ledd i dette arbeidet har UiO blant annet opprettet en Wiki-database for samarbeid om utvikling og distribusjon av lærermateriale rettet mot radiokjemiundervisning. Videre ledet vi arbeidet med å bygge opp et fysisk laboratorium der studenter kan utføre fjernstyrte øvingsoppgaver via et nettbasert grensesnitt ("RoboLab"). UiO har også vært aktivt med i å bygge opp en læringsplattform for distribusjon og gjennomføring av web-baserte kurs og treningsopplegg.

The OECD/Nuclear Energy Agency's report, Nuclear Education and Training: "Cause for Concern" (2000), demonstrated that many nations are training too few scientists to meet the needs of the nuclear industries and authorities. It is clear that the European  educational-skill base has become fragmented to a point where universities in many countries lack sufficient staff and equipment to provide education in many nuclear areas. Of particular concern are deficits within masters and doctorate levels. It is acce pted that skills in these areas are of strategic, as well as immediate, importance for Europe. The skills are also important for meeting the challenges presented by nuclear accidents, terrorist and sabotage activities, where not only handling the technica l situation but also making sure that information and recommendations to the public are correct and relevant is critical. An example is the treatment of the vast water-volumes contaminated in the Fukushima nuclear accident. 
In order to resolve this situa tion, the CINCH-I project (Coordination of education In Nuclear CHemistry) was supported within FP7 from 2010 to 2013. This project: 
- Gathered representatives of the European universities and end-users to exchange mutual views. 
- Reviewed and evaluated  the situation in nuclear chemistry education in European. 
- Identified the EuroMaster in Nuclear Chemistry as an optimum common mutual recognition system, and proposed "Minimum requirements" for such a degree. 
- Surveyed the status of Nuclear Chemistry  in industry and other end-users. 
- Developed education/training compact modular courses (including the hands-on training component). 
- Developed and tested electronic tools (NukWik and CINCH e-learning platform). 

The CINCH-II project will be a direct  continuation of the CINCH-I project. The CINCH-II project aims at mobilization of the identified existing fragmented capabilities to form the critical mass required meet the education and training needs of Europe

Cooperation in Education and Training in Nuclear Chemistry (CINCH) - UiO contribution

Health risks of radiation exposure are of particular concern to the public, as highlighted by the challenges from the Fukushima accident. Although it is well established that ionising radiation can increase the risk of cancer, in recent years there has been an increased focus on the potential for radiation to cause late neurodegenerative diseases. The objective of the Ostinato project was to investigate the impact of in utero chronic low dose radiation on the development of Parkinson's disease. As a collaboration between Norway and Germany, more than 200 mice that had been specially breed to be susceptible to Parkinson's disease, together with wild type mice, were subject to controlled irradiation at the FIGARO low dose irradiation facility at NMBU. The offspring of the mice have been subject to a series of behavioural and molecular biology tests, and will be followed for another two years. To date there has been no evidence that ionizing radiation has increased the incidence of Parkinsons disease, although preliminary results suggested a possible impact on learning development. 

In addition to cognitive development, the study also included tests on a range of other biological endpoints in irradiated animals, and results confirmed a number of genotoxic effects of ionizing radiation. The study also resulted in improvement of the logistics and dosimetry for rodent irradiation experiments at the FIGARO irradiation facility.

This project is part of an application to the DoReMi internal call to consortium partners for integrated activities. The project addresses the collaborative projects accross WPs and the access to infrastructure part of the call. The project is a collabrat ion between three DoReMi consortium partners: UMB/CERAD (University of Life Sciences, Centre of Excellence in Environmental Radioactivity), Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH) and Helmholz Zentrum München (HMGU, Germany). The proposal had been acc epted by the DoReMi consortium. The project application summary refers to UMBs contribution to the Ostanito project.  

As is known from radiotherapy patients, high-dose ionizing radiation in particular to children has the potential to increase the risk o f premature dementia or other neurodegenerative diseases (ND). The central hypothesis of the poroject is that low radiation doses to the brain, in particular early in life, may cause an accelerated development of ND conditions such as dementia or Parkinso n Disease (PD). A known risk-factor for ND is oxidative stress to the neuronal tissues, and this is known to be the preferential mode of damage at chronic low-dose rate ionising radiation. 

Groups of mice of wt, Pitx3EYL/EYL and Ogg1-/- genotypes and the  combination of the latter two (compound homozygote Pitx3EYL/EYLOgg1-/-) will be subjected to the chronic gamma exposure either pre- and postnatally or postnatally only. The entire radiation exposure time will be 2 months with accumulated doses of 0 Gy (c ontrol), 0.1 Gy (LD) or 2 Gy (HD). UMB will have responsibility for the mice irradiation. the other partners (HMGU and NIPH), will be responsible for behavour and biological analysis.  

To make maximum usage of the FIGARO facility, we will also store oth er tissues relevant for non-cancer diseases (heart, muscle, liver, blood, eyes) in a central repository to be used by other DoReMi partners.

Ostinato - Acceleration of Parkinson pathogenesis by chronic low-dose rate gamma exposure

This project is a submission to the DoReMi call for education and training courses. This is funded by a separate internal budget in the DoReMi EC project (see http://www.doremi-noe.net/training_and_education.html). The projects are currently under evaluat ion by the DoReMi E&T board. 

Assessing Risks to Man and Environment (KJM360) is a two week intensive course held at the Norwegian University of Life Sciences as part of the ongoing MSc in Radioecology and PhD Research School in Ecotoxicology. The course  gives either 5 or 10 ECTS, depending on the choice of examination, and is run every 2 years.  The course also gives certification for training in the ERICA Assessment Tool, and is thus open to both students and professionals. Teaching fees for students i n Norway are relatively low (40 EUR) even for accredited courses.

The application to DoReMi will extend places to 6-8 external participants, and involve SU lecturers on the course. This will also foster an important collaboration between the STAR/COMET a nd DoReMi/Melodi EU projects, as well as strengthening networking with students and professionals. The collaboration between UMB and SU will promote ongoing plans for collaboration on an EU MSc in Radiobiology, and permit us to explore the joint EU educat ion and training activities forseen within Horizon 2020, such as the European Credit System for Vocational Education and Training (ECVET), which is the developing European system to facilitate the recognition and ac-cumulation of work-related skills (http ://ec.europa.eu/education/lifelong-learning-policy/ecvet_en.htm).

DoReMi E&T - DoReMi education and training - protection of Man and Enviroment

Strålevern krever en grundig forståelse av effekter av stråling i levende materie.
Som kvantitativt grunnlag for risikoanalyse, bør strålingseffekter bli undersøkt ved hjelp av realistiske eksponeringsregimer, hvor eksponering for andre miljø- og kostholdsfaktorer som kan påvirke strålingseffekter kontrolleres for. Det er god kunnskap om effekter etter høye akutte stråledoser, mens det fremdeles er liten kunnskap om effekter etter eksponering for lave stråledoser/doserater over lengre tid. Det er også behov for biomarkører som kan benyttes til å identifisere individer som har blitt utsatt for stråling, også etter lave doserater. Dette var målene for prosjektet. Eksponeringsfasiliteter hvor modellorganismer kan eksponeres over lang tid (kronisk) for lav dose-rate ioniserende stråling er sjeldne, særlig ved eksponeringsnivåer som ligner de som kan oppstå etter atomulykker som Tsjernobyl og Fukushima. I et tidligere prosjekt (Figaro) oppgraderte vi en allerede eksisterende eksponeringsenhet til å kunne benyttes til gnagere, (også genmodifiserte), og materialer fra en rekke forsøk med mus har blitt benyttet i prosjektet.
Formen på doseresponskurven på (svært) lave doser av ioniserende stråling er fortsatt et svært debattert forskningsspørsmål som krever adekvat informasjon i lavdose området og det er også sannsynlig at formen på doseresponskurven varierer mellom vev. Flere biologiske responsveier har vist seg å være endret etter middels eller høye doser ioniserende stråling, mens langt mindre er kjent etter lavdoseeksponering. Spesielt lite er kjent om kronisk lav doserate IR eksponering og dets potensiale til å endre reguleringen av genekspresjon via epigenetiske regulatormekanismer slik som  DNA metylering og uttrykk av mikroRNA. I dette prosjektet har vi funnet at lave doserater gamma stråling ikke fører til signifikante endringer in DNA metylering i sperm, i motsetning til andres funn av hypometylering i somatiske vev etter høye doserater/doser ionisierende stråling. Videre har vi foretatt genekspresjonsstudier i mannlige kjønnsceller fra testis vha neste generasjon sekvenseringsteknologi og funnet at eksponeringen fører til endret genekspresjon. Vi konkludere at også lave doserater ioniserende stråling fører til endringer i transkriptomet som kan ha betydning for helseutfall. Videre har vi identifisert en miRNA signatur som biomarkør for eksponering for stråling etter lave doserater ioniserende stråling som kan benytte stil å identifisere individer som har vært utsatt for også lave doserater.

Disease from ionizing radiation (IR) may be induced by very low doses and dose rates, but the associated risk is difficult to study both experimentally and epidemiologically. Molecular changes (including epigenetic changes) may be used as biomarkers of ex posure and early indicators of disease. Responses induced by low IR doses may be different from those of high doses and is in various aspects not linear with dose. This property will influence the shape of the dose response curve. However, very little is  known about which processes are induced by which type of damage. Furthermore, the possible thresholds or hyperactivation at (very) low doses are very important parameters for prediction of the dose response curve, but their properties are unknown. Therefo re, we propose to study the gene activation and inactivation responses at low dose ionizing radiation in more detail. We will use materials from low dose rate IR exposed mice in the FIGARO project (normal and oxidative damage repair mutant mice) to invest igate in detail their methylome and transcriptional responses (mRNA and miRNA transcriptomics), as well as the corresponding protein expression levels (proteomics). This will be a first investigation into the genetic pathways and mechanisms involved in th e response to low dose rate IR. The data obtained in this study will be correlated with earlier studies done at Erasmus MC, using mice with deficiencies in DNA double strand break (DSB) repair pathways. Together, this will define a set of responses that a re correlated with DSB repair status, oxidative base damage or damage to other structures than DNA. This pilot study which exploits material from the FIGARO mouse pilot experiment - will provide novel mechanistic insight into the effects of low dose rate  IR and identification of potential candidate biomarkers, and set the stage for studies that correlate "omics" data with induction of cancer or other diseases.

Low dOse IR induced Gene expression and Epigenetic Responses(LOGER)

Kjernekraft-renessansen vil kreve en betydelig økning av antall spesialister i Europa, deriblant også kjernekjemikere. Utdanning i kjernekjemi og opplæring innen kjernekjemiske problemstillinger er fragmentert og varierer stort i de forskjellig Europeiske land, og dette prosjektet (CINCH-II) håper å få til en koordinering av denne fragmenterte utdanningen. Systemet som utvikles i prosjektet bør sette en langsiktig standard for Euratom Fission Training Scheme (EFTS) som gir et felles grunnlag å fragmenterte aktiviteter i dette feltet, og dermed flytter utdanning og opplæring i kjernekjemi til et kvalitativt nytt nivå. 
Hovedmålgruppen vil ikke være bare doktorgradsstudenter og forskere, men også studenter på masternivå. I tillegg vil prosjektet møte behovet for opplæring av allerede ansatte i kjerneindustrien. 
Den beste måten å sikre at Norge har en høy kvalitet og up-to-date utdanning i kjernekjemi er gjennom tett samarbeid med andre nordiske og europeiske land. I denne forbindelse er CINCH-II et viktig prosjekt også for Norge.

The renaissance of nuclear power will require a significant increase of the numbers of the respective specialists, among others also nuclear chemists. Because the current situation in nuclear chemistry education and training in Europe is quite diverse, th e project aims at its coordination. The system developed should enable formation of a long-term Euratom Fission Training Scheme (EFTS) providing a common basis to the fragmented activities in this field and thus move the education and training in nuclear  chemistry to a qualitatively new level.
The main target group will be not only the doctoral students and research workers, but also the students at the master level. Including these students into the system should increase attractiveness of the studies of  nuclear chemistry and thus enlarge the source of highly qualified professionals for the future employers.
To summarize, the CINCH-II project aims at mobilisation of the identified existing fragmented capabilities to form the critical mass required to imp lement the courses and meet the nuclear chemistry postgraduate education and training needs of the European Union.
The project objectives will be achieved by:
-Making full use of the knowledge and experience gathered and tools developed and demonstrated i n CINCH-I project
-Gathering in the Consortium representatives of both the academia and End users (future employers).
-Assembling, comparing and evaluating approaches to, principles of, and experience with the education and training existing in various EU  countries,
-Developing new common study materials in the areas where such need was identified in the CINCH-I project.
-Making full use of the existing knowledge and expertise 
UMB/CERAD CoE  was established 2013 with the aim to provide new scientific kno wledge and tools for better protection of people and environment from harmful effects of radiation. The objectives of CINCH-II fit well into the education goals of CERAD, and CERAD takes part in all WPs of CINCH-II

Cooperation in education and training in Nuclear Chemistry

COMET aimed to strengthen the pan-European research initiative on the impact of radiation on man and the environment. The project built on and complimented the foundations laid by the European Radioecology Alliance (ALLIANCE), the recently completed FP7 STAR project and collaborated with the European platforms on nuclear/radiological emergency response and recovery (NERIS) and low dose radiation risk (MELODI), and relevant training networks, as well as the EC joint Programming actions OPERRA and CONCERT on radiation protection. In addition to WP1 (management) the NRPA participated in the following task:

WP2 - Joint Programming and Implementation, Expanding the ALLIANCE
WP2 aimed to strengthen the pan-European research initiative on the impact of radiation on environment and man. The NRPA contributed to the joint setting of research priorities with MELODI and NERIS, as input to an open call in collaboration with the OPERRA project. Together with the ALLIANCE, the NRPA contributed to long-term roadmaps for several fields of radioecological research. Furthermore, multiple representatives from COMET and the ALLIANCE contributed to and participated in the first common meeting for all the radiation protection research platforms; Radiation Protection Week in Oxford on September 19th - 23rd, 2016.  

WP3 - Improving and validating radioecological models for risk assessment and for emergency and post-accident situations.
An Initial Research Activity addressed the priority needs highlighted by the SRA: Marine modelling, forest modelling, human food chain modelling, naturally occuring radioactive material (NORM) modelling, particle behaviour, and ICRP reference sites. Furthermore, the projects FRAME and RATE investigated the impact of recent releases from the Fukushima Nuclear accident on the marine environment and radioactive particle transformation processes, respectively. The NRPA lead the work in WP3 and actively contributed to the IRA working groups on marine and human food chain modelling, as well as ICRP Reference sites. 

WP5 - Knowledge exchange
This WP aimed to enhance and maintain European capacity and skills in radioecology by establishing a dynamic interaction promoting effective collaboration between researchers, tool developers, regulators and industry. An interactive website for COMET has been established including supporting materials for the user community providing informed and regular updates of developments. Furthermore, COMET organised a radioecology training course, including a field visit to the Chernobyl exclusion zone, in Kiev, Ukraine on September 5th - 9th, 2016, and a young researcher from NRPA participated in this course. The NRPA also contributed to the organisation of a workshop on "Fit for Purpose Modelling" in Seville in June 2016. 

The final project meeting took place in Brugge, Belgium on April 24th - 27th, 2017, bringing together the Whole Project consortium, as well as representatives from MELODI, NERIS, CONCERT and the EC.

COMET will strengthen the pan-European research initiative on the impact of radiation on man and the environment by facilitating the integration of radioecological research. COMET will build upon the foundations laid by the European Radioecology Alliance  (ALLIANCE) and the on-going FP7 STAR Network of Excellence in radioecology. By collaborating with the European platforms on nuclear and radiological emergency response(NERIS) and low dose risk research (MELODI), COMET will significantly aid preparation fo r the implementation of the Horizon 2020 umbrella structure for Radiation Protection. In close association with STAR and the ALLIANCE, COMET will take forward the development of a Strategic Research Agenda as the basis for developing innovative mechanisms  for joint programming and implementation (JPI) of radioecological research. To facilitate and foster future integration under a common federating structure, research activities developed within COMET will be targeted at radioecological research needs tha t will help achieve priorities of the NERIS and MELODI platforms. These research activities will be initiated in collaboration with researchers from countries where major nuclear accidents have occurred. Flexible funds, unallocated to specific tasks at pr oject initiation, have been included within the COMET budget to facilitate RTD activities identified through the JPI mechanisms developed that are of joint interest to the ALLIANCE, NERIS and MELODI. It will also strengthen the bridge with the non-radiati on community. Furthermore, COMET will develop strong mechanisms for knowledge exchange, dissemination and training to enhance and maintain European capacity, competence and skills in radioecology. The COMET consortium has 13 partners, expanding from the a nisations within the FP7 STAR project. In particular, COMET partners from countries which have experienced major nuclear accidents (i.e. Ukraine and Japan) and/or who hold Observatory sites.

COordination and iMplementation of a pan-European instrumenT for radioecology

Økende alder på nukleære anlegg, store mengder radioaktivt avfall, rester fra uran gruvedrift og ny æra for nukleær energi i Europa, har bidratt til stor bekymring knyttet til behovet for fremtidig forskningskompetanse, rekruttering og utdanning i strålevern inklusivt radioøkologi i Europa. Det EC finansierte COMET (Coordination and iMplementation of a pan-European instrument for radioecology) prosjektet skulle derfor styrke det pan-Europeiske forskningsinitiativet knyttet til effekter av stråling på mennesker og miljø. Prosjektet ble koordinert av SCK-CEN, Belgia, og omfatter 13 partnere. NMBU/CERAD har bidratt til alle 5 arbeidspakkene, spesielt til forskningstunge oppgaver med fokus på prosesser og mekanismer som påvirker økosystem transport, og for lav dose eksponering av organismer, av betydning for konsekvens og risiko vurderinger.  Disse problemstillinger har også vært sentrale for CERAD SFF som ble etablert ved NMBU i 2013.
Innenfor WP2 Integrating and sustaining radioecology har COMET promotert den Europeiske Radioøkologi plattformen ALLIANCE, som nå inkluderer 27 partnere, og hvor NMBU er styremedlem. NMBU har bidratt til videreutvikling av Strategic Research Agenda (SRA) samt tematiske veikart, spesielt veikart knyttet til Marine Radioecology, NORM, Transfer processes of atmospheric radionuclides og Transgenerational Effects and Interspecies Sensitivity.  
Innenfor WP3 Improved models for risk assessment and for emergency and post-accident situations har NMBU forskningen fokusert på parameterisering av nøkkelprosesser som har betydning for økosystem transport.  Som følge av en åpen COMET utlysning, ble prosjektet RATE (RAdioactive particle Transformation procEsses) igangsatt hvor NMBU har spilt en viktig rolle. RATE omfatter studier av radionuklider bundet til partikler. Basert på avanserte metoder har NMBU forskningen vist at partikkelegenskaper (sammensetning, atomforhold) er avhengig av kilden, mens egenskaper som er viktig for transport og opptak ((partikkel størrelse, struktur, tetthet, oksidasjonstilstand) er avhengig av utslippsforhold. Basert på feltarbeid (Tsjernobyl og Fukushima) samt modell-eksperimenter, har fokus vært å knyttet partikkelegenskaper til spesifikke kilder og utslippsforhold, samt å knytte partikkelegenskaper til transport ved å erstatte termodynamiske konstanter (e.g., Kd, TC) med tidsfunksjoner. COMET/RATE resultater viste også at partikler kan avsettes internt i organismer og fungere som punktkilde. For partikkelbelastede område er det derfor vesentlig å inkludere overføringsfaktorer for partikkelbundne radionuklider i økosystem transport modeller. 
Innenfor WP4 - Epigenetic changes and their possible role in adaptation and trans-generational effects har NMBU gjennomført kontrollerte gamma eksponeringsforsøk med modell organismer (zebrafisk, meitemark). Feltarbeid (Tsjernobyl) ble også utført for å studere epigenetisk variasjon (meitemark). Resultater viste begrenset virkning av stråling på DNA methylering til tross for at sammenligning mellom felt og lab eksperimenter kunne indikere at organismer i felt var mer strålingsfølsomme. 
Innenfor WP5 - Knowledge exchange har NMBU videreutviklet E&T (education and training) web plattformen som inneholder informasjon om kurs innenfor radioøkologi i Europa, fra MSc til PhD kurs til workshops og profesjonsutdanning.  COMET partnere har bidratt til det Europeisk Masters Programmet i Radioøkologi som arrangeres på NMBU, Norway, samt til implementering av nye intensive kurs. Mer enn 30 PhD studenter samt et stort antall MSc studenter har deltatt i COMET prosjektet og inngår i Radioøkologi PhD Nettverket (basert på NMBU Research School). 
Som konklusjon er resultater oppnådd innenfor COMET knyttet til økosystem transport, biologisk opptak og effekt viktig kunnskap som vil implementeres i oppfølgingsprosjektene CONFIDENCE og TERRITORIES som ble finansiert av EC CONCERT i 2016.

In the context of Horizon 2020, the European Commission asks for umbrella structures for its RTD activities that includes the major research networks and institutions in Europe within the field of radiation protection; i.e., radioecology, radiological eme rgency preparedness, low dose health effects and dosimetry. The objective of COMET is together with the European Radioecological Alliance (ALLIANCE) to strengthen the pan-European research in radioecology. The initiative is taken in close contact with MEL ODI (low dose health effects), NERIS (radiological emergency preparedness) and EURADOS (dosimetry) to prepare for a single umbrella structure in the field of radiation protection in preparation for the Horizon 2020 programme.  COMET will develop innovativ e mechanisms for joint programming and implementation of radioecological research based on the SRA (strategic research agenda) in collaboration with MELODI and NERIS. 
COMET will particularly strengthen the pan-European research on the impact of radiation  on the environment, including ecosystem transfer, the food chain and the protection of non-human species. The selected research topics are focussing on processes and mechanisms of importance for risk assessments. The work is organized into 5 work package s, and includes initial research activities, education/training as well as joint programming. UMB/CERAD CoE for Environmental Radioactivity contributes significantly to all WPs, in particular to the WP3.1 research focusing on improving parameter values fo r Decision Support Systems for emergency situations, and to the WP4.1 research dealing with epigenetic effects/adaptation/transgenerational effects in organisms experiencing chronic low dose exposure. CERAD CoE (UMB, NRPA plus 4 partners) was established  2013 with the aim to provide new scientific knowledge and tools for better protection of people and environment from harmful effects of radiation. The objectives of COMET fit very well into the SRA of CERAD.

Som kjent fra strålebehandlingspasienter har høydose ioniserende stråling, spesielt når gitt til barn, potensiale til å øke risikoen for tidlig demens eller andre neurodegenerative sykdommer (ND) (Kempf et al 2012). Bakgrunn for en slik sammenheng i lavdose-eksponerte kohorter er mindre klar, sannsynligvis på grunn av utilstrekkelige diagnostiske verktøy. Våre hypoteser var at lavdose (hastighet) stråling av hjernen, spesielt tidlig i livet, kan føre til en akselerert utvikling av ND-tilstander som demens eller Parkinsons sykdom (PD). En kjent risikofaktor for ND er oksidativt stress i hjernevev, og dette er kjent for å være den viktigste typen DNA-skade ved kronisk lavdose-ioniserende stråling. Vi vurderte derfor betydningen av et defekt reparasjonssystem for ROS-indusert DNA-skade (Ogg1-knockout-musemodellen) i forhold til progresjon av nevrologiske utfall i en PD-musemodell (PitxEYL / EYL) etter kronisk pre- og post-natal bestråling ved bruk av en nylig EU / RCN-finansiert unikt ekspoeringsfasilitet (FIGARO). Vi fant at etter de svært lave dosene / doseringshastighetene som ble brukt, var utfall i PD-symptomer bare forandret minimal og midlertidig. Ogg1-mangelen forverret ikke effektene signifikant. Profilering av modent mikroRNA i forhjerne viste signifikante endringer i eksponerte dyr, spesielt i Ogg1-defekte mus. Vi viste også at T-celle repertoaret ikke endret seg og at reproduksjonskapasiteten forble uendret i det første kullene etter eksponering. Prosjektet bidrar med ny informasjon om utero og neonatal eksponering for lavdose (rate) ioniserende stråling.

As is known from radiotherapy patients, high-dose ionizing radiation in particular to children has the potential to increase the risk of premature dementia or other neurodegenerative diseases (ND) (Kempf et al 2012).  The evidence for such a link in low-d ose exposed cohorts is less clear, probably because of inadequate diagnostic tools.  We reason that low radiation doses to the brain, in particular early in life, may cause an accelerated development of ND conditions such as dementia or Parkinson Disease  (PD). A known risk-factor for ND is oxidative stress to the neuronal tissues, and this is known to be the preferential mode of damage at chronic low-dose rate ionising radiation. We therefore propose to evaluate the impact of a defective repair system for  ROS induced DNA damage (Ogg1 k.o.) towards the progression of neurological deficiencies in a PD mouse model (PitxEYL/EYL) after pre- and postnatal chronic irradiation using the recently EU/RCN-funded unique FIGARO facility. To make maximum usage of the F IGARO facility, we will also store other tissues relevant for non-cancer diseases (heart, muscle, liver, blood, eyes) in a central repository to be used by other DoReMi partners.

Acceleration of Parkinson pathogenesis by chronic low-dose rate gamma exposure - OSTINATO

The health effects of exposures to fallout from Soviet nuclear weapons testing for the residents living near by the
Semipalatinsk nuclear test site in Kazakhstan are not well investigated. There are reports with contradicting results coming from the studi es conducted on two independent cohorts: "historical" and "new". Both use different control groups and dosimetric methods. The two cohorts have a high probability of including the same individuals. There is a need to investigate possibilities to merge the m in order to avoid duplication of efforts and resources for future studies of the health effects in these populations. The main objectives of our feasibility study include: developing and testing mechanisms for identifying members in the two cohorts; ide ntification and testing of data linkage mechanisms; characterization and validation of dose assessment methods; determination of the outcomes to be studied; identification of case ascertainment mechanisms and sources, depending on the outcome; investigate  the feasibility to collect data on confounding factors; setting up and testing procedures for follow-up; development of a proposal for a full epidemiological study; setting up mechanisms for collaboration and coordination of future activities. 

The proj ect will bring together scientists from Europe, Kazakhstan and Japan with the aim of conducting a feasibility to set up a unique cohort to address the dose-effect relationship for both cancer and non-cancer effects from low to moderate chronic doses (exte rnal and internal). Other populations exposed to low to moderate dose radiation like in Fukushima or elsewhere can benefit from the outcomes of studying the unique Semipalatinsk cohort and the results will contribute to a better understanding and quantifi cation of radiation risks for low to moderate chronic doses. The proposed project is in line with the Strategic Research Agenda of MELODI.

Prospective cohort study of residents near the Semipalatinsk nuclear test site - feasibility

The management of the Fukushima event in Europe was far from optimal, and identified a number of areas needing improvement in emergency preparedness management. The Fukushima accident clearly demonstrated the importance of a source term estimation that is  not only based on information from the plant operators. The existing requirements (Codex Alimentarius and Euratom regulations) for contaminated goods were difficult to implement, and information strategies lacking. The PREPARE project will develop a scie ntific and operational basis to improve information collection, information exchange and the evaluation for such types of accidents. This will be achieved through a collaboration of 42 industry, research and governmental organisations in Europe. The proje ct has 7 Work Packages covering different areas of research and development. UMB is involved in 4 Research Areas (RA). RA1: Platform for information collection and exchange will develop scientific methods and tools for the collection and analysis of infor mation from any nuclear or radiological event, including analysis of uncertainties. RA2 Consumer Goods will through a series of stakeholder workshops, provide an analysis and recommendations on management of contaminated goods. RA3 Improvement to terrestr ial aspects of decision support systems will address deficits in the representation of the physico-chemical properties of radionuclides emitted in the atmospheric dispersion models of ARGOS and RODOS. Dispersion calculations will be combined with monitori ng information around a power plant, and physico-chemical properties of the radionuclides. RA4 Communication with the public will cover both the nuclear emergency as well as post-emergency phases. Work will include an analysis of the various media routes  (including social media) used in Europe in the aftermath of the accident, as well as interactive, case-based analysis through workshops and a cross cutting task force meeting.

Innovative integrated tools and platforms for radioecological emergency preparedness and post-accident response in Europe

Formålet med PREPARE var å forbedre flere områder innenfor atomberedskap i Europa basert på ny kunnskap avdekket etter evalueringen av Fukushimaulykken som skjedde mars 2011. Statens strålevern har spesielt arbeidet innenfor tre hovedområder. Disse er forbedring av atmosfæriske spredningsmodeller, marine spredningsmodeller, samt kommunikasjon og involvering av befolkningen.
Meteorologiske spredningsmodeller er et viktig verktøy for Strålevernet under håndtering av atomulykker.  Slike verktøy kan tidlig gi en vurdering av konsekvenser for Norge og norske interesser, selv før et utslipp har startet eller når det når norske territorier. Det er Meteorologisk institutt (MET) som leverer spredningsmodeller til Strålevernet. Ulempen med den eksisterende modellen, SNAP, er tiden det tar å beregne resultatet når utslippet som skal modelleres er over flere uker, som var tilfelle under Fukushima. En annen modell, EMEP, takler dette. Derfor har MET testet en hybridmodell som kombinerer disse to modellene. SNAP modellerer utslippet fra bakken til nærområdene og atmosfæren over noen dager. EMEP tar over og modellerer over lengre tid. Løsningen ble implementert og testet, men konklusjonen er at SNAP alene fortsatt er et bedre alternativ. Den forventede fordelen med EMEP ble ikke innfridd. MET vil fortsette å utvikle SNAP, og revurdere EMEP etter hvert som den forbedres. 
Strålevernet overvåker radioaktivitet i luft og omgivelsene. Det hender målestasjoner oppdager forhøyde nivåer uten at utslippskilden er kjent. Nivåene er ufarlig for mennesker, men kunnskap om hvor dette kommer fra er viktig for å kunne bekrefte årsaken til utslippet. I PREPARE har MET utviklet en metode som identifiserer mulige utslippskilder basert på beregning av spredning bakover i tid. Ved å kombinere slike beregninger for flere stasjoner, vil antall mulige utslippspunkter reduseres. Denne kunnskapen kombinert med fakta om hva som er målt og hvilke mulig utslippskilder som finnes (f.eks. kjernekraftverk, produksjonsanlegg osv.), kan gi en god indikasjon på hvor dette kommer fra. Metoden vil bli implementert som et operativt verktøy hos Strålevernet og MET. 
I PREPARE er det arbeidet med modellering av spredning av radioaktivt materiale i hav, elver og innsjøer, og konsekvensene dette har for marint miljø. Norge er en fiskerinasjon, og derfor er det viktige at Strålevernet har verktøy for å vurdere konsekvenser for denne industrien hvis en ulykke med utslipp til hav skjer i vårt nærområde. I PREPARE ble eksisterende verktøy forbedret og gjort mer operative ved å inkludere støtte for havstrømsprognoser. «NRPA Box Model» er en modell utviklet av Strålevernet og som ble forbedret i prosjektet, og sammenliknet med andre modeller. Denne sammenlikningen ble gjort ved å se på utslipp fra Fukushima-anlegget til Stillehavet, og forskjellene mellom modellene var akseptable. Arbeidet inkluderte også å forberede og beregne utslippsscenarier for nordlige Atlanterhavet og Nordishavet. Disse beregningene kan brukes for å vurdere langtidskonsekvenser for det marine miljøet og relatert industri, hvis disse områdene blir forurenset. Arbeidet har forbedret strålevernets evne til å modellere og vurdere konsekvenser for marint miljø.
Atomulykker og situasjonen i etterkant er komplekse siden de involverer mange aktører og problemer knyttet til helse, miljø, økonomi, samfunn, kultur og tradisjoner. Mennesker og organisasjoner på møte denne kompleksiteten i en sammenheng hvor samfunn og institusjoner er destabilisert og redusert. I PREPARE har disse problemene blitt løftet fram og analysert gjennom dialogmøter mellom eksperter og mennesker som har opplevd konsekvensene av atomulykkene i Tsjernobyl og Fukushima. Temaer som ble tatt opp inkluderte tillit mellom befolkningen og eksperter, og hva slags informasjon befolkning berørt av hendelsen trenger for å leve med og takle konsekvensene på lang sikt. Resultatet av dette arbeidet er utgitt i en egen rapport 'Local population facing long-term consequences of nuclear accidents: Lessons learnt from Fukushima and Chernobyl'.

This proposal aims to close gaps that have been identified in nuclear and radiological preparedness following
the first evaluation of the Fukushima disaster. It addresses the call Fission-2010-3.3.1: Update of emergency
management and rehabilitation strat egies and expertise in Europe. The consortium intends to review existing
operational procedures in dealing with long lasting releases, address the cross border problematic in monitoring
and safety of goods and will further develop still missing functional ities in decision support system ranging
from improved source term estimation and dispersion modelling to the inclusion of hydrological pathways for
European water bodies. As the management of the Fukushima event in Europe was far from being optimal, we
p ropose to develop means on a scientific and operational basis to improve information collection, information
exchange and the evaluation for such types of accidents. This will be achieved through a collaboration of
industry, research and governmental orga nisations in Europe taking into account the networking activities carried
out under the NERIS-TP project. Furthermore, the NERIS Platform member organisations (so far 43 partners) will
be actively involved in the development

Innovative integrated tools and platforms for radiological emergency preparedness and post-accident response in Europe

Realizing the European Network of Biodosimetry (RENEB) er et prosjekt som skal etablere europeisk nettverk i biologiske dosevurderinger (biodosimetri). Formålet med dette nettverket er å forbedre kapasiteten for doseestimering fra ioniserende stråling til individer, i tilfelle ulykker eller andre hendelser med uønsket strålingseksponering. Eksisterende laboratorier i Europa har som regel liten kapasitet. Det er også slik, at ikke alle landene har slike laboratorier (det finnes for eksempel ikke noe biodosimetri laboratoriet i nordiske land).
Prosjektet samlet 23 institusjoner fra 16 europeiske. Den tyske strålevernsorganisasjon ? BfS koordinerte arbeidet. Statens strålevern har hatt ansvar for informasjonsformidling om prosjektet, samt for kontakt mot internasjonale organisasjoner. RENEB nettverket skal også bestå etter at EUs syvende rammeprogram RENEB prosjektet er avsluttet.
Strålevernet har også vært involvert i den delen av prosjektet som arbeidet med å etablere organisatorisk struktur for bærekraftig RENEB nettverk. Første skritt i dette arbeide var å utvikle og få underskrevet Memorandum of Understanding (MoU). 25 organisasjoner (både RENEB deltagere og andre biodosimetrilaboratorier som ønsker å slutte seg til RENEB nettverket i fremtiden), fra 16 EU medlemstater har signert MoU.
RENEB konsortiet har også bestemt å knytte seg nærmere til fremtidig europeisk strålevernforskning og første etappe i dette arbeidet var å utvikle Strategic Research Agenda (SRA). SRA arbeidet var en nødvendig aktivitet i å støtte bærekraftignettverk utvikling, men var ikke tatt med i prosjektsøknaden. Strålevernet har deltatt aktivt i utviklingen både når det gjelder MoU og SRA, samt A. Jaworska har vært styremedlem i RENEB prosjektstyret.
Formidling aktiviteter: Nettsiden for prosjektet http://www.reneb.eu, ble etablert i mars 2012 og ble oppdatert kontinuerlig. Fra januar 2014 fungerer nettsiden som en åpen ekstern informasjonsressurs. Konsortium delen av nettsiden er direkte linket til den separate interne informasjonsplattformen. Denne interne plattformen ble utviklet i den franske organisasjonen Commissariat à l'énergie atomique (CEA) i samarbeid med Strålevernet og BfS.  RENEB rapporten, levert i mai 2014, beskriver struktur og funksjonalitet av plattformen. A. Jaworska er medforfatteren.
Det er publisert tre bulletenger for prosjektet utgitt av Strålevernet. Bulletengene finnes elektronisk på RENEB nett: http://www.reneb.eu/.
Til sammen, er det per dags dato, publisert åtte artikler om prosjektet. Norske medforfattere er på de tre av disse. Prosjektet ble presentert på mer enn 30 internasjonale møter.
På flere konferanser, i 2014 og 2015, ble det organisert dedikerte RENEB sesjoner.
Norske deltagere er medforfattere på 12 muntlige presentasjoner på internasjonale konferanser, og på flere postere.
International Journal of Radiation Biology har tilbudt prosjektet å publisere et spesiell RENEB nummer i 2016 og 17 artikler er under skriving. Strålevernets partnere blir medforfattere i flere av disse. 
Arbeid mot internasjonale organisasjoner: Strålevernet har hatt løpende kontakt med flere organisasjoner i EU-systemet, samt i FN-systemet (blant annet IAEA Incident Emergency Center) for å presentere prosjektet, og for å kartlegge forventninger til RENEB.
BfS leder arbeidet med å etablere en organisatorisk struktur for bærekraftig nettverk, og Statens strålevern har ansvar for kontakt og samarbeid med internasjonale organisasjoner. F. Ugletveit og A. Jaworska har deltatt fra Statens strålevern i arbeidet med organisatorisk struktur. To møter ble organisert (Lisboa oktober 2013, Warszawa oktober 2014). Hovedhensikten med de møtene var å harmonisere tilnærmingen for løpende aktiviteter som skal føre til etablering av bærekraftig RENEB nettverk.
I november 2015 organiserte Strålevernet sammen med BfS, et formidlings-møte for potensiale internasjonale og nasjonale sluttbrukere og beslutningstakere av biodosimetri, i EU kommisjonens` lokaler i Brussel.  RENEB konsortiet inviterte relevante representanter fra EU, europeiske strålevernsmyndigheter, IAEA og representanter fra europeiske forskningsorganisasjoner. Møtet begynte med presentasjoner om behovet for kapasitet innen biodosimetri i Europa, og om prosjektets resultater. Etterpå, i to parallelle feedback sesjoner diskuterte deltagere behovet for biodosimetri og RENEB nettverk etter avslutning av prosjektet. Oppsummering av disse to sesjonene, samt agenda for møte og foredragene finnes på RENEB nettside under «News».
International arbeid har munnet ut med rapporten «Summary report on established international contacts» av A. M. Frøvig og medforfattere fra Strålevernet og BfS. Rapporten gir kort beskrivelse av internasjonale organisasjoner som enten har aktiviteter i stråledoseestimering for mennesker, eller gir premisser og veiledning for slike aktiviteter. For hver av disse organisasjonene beskriver rapporten kontakter som er tatt og eventuelle interaksjoner.

Biodosimetry is an important tool in the management of radiation accidents.  Creating a network in biological dosimetry that involves a large number of experienced laboratories throughout the European Union (EU) will significantly improve the accident res ponse capabilities in case of a large-scale radiological emergency. A well organised cooperative action involving EU laboratories will offer the only chance for a fast and trustworthy dose assessment urgently needed in an emergency situation. In this rega rd the European Commission supports the establishment of an European network in biological dosimetry (RENEB) The goal of RENEB is to establish a sustainable European network mainly based on biological dosimetry laboratories and experts involving 23 organi sations from 16 countries, identified by the EURATOM 7th framework TENEB survey. Such network will guarantee the highest efficiency in the processing of biological samples for fast, reliable results implemented in the EU emergency management.
The work in  the project is divided into 5 work packages (WP). Each of them takes on board one of the specific objectives of RENEB. In order to ensure that the operational network is successfully created, a good communication between WPs is the prerequisite. One of th e challenges of the project is to develop a well organised transnational infrastructure and ensure the long term funding strategy for it. It is also envisaged that the project prepares an agenda for transforming RENEB into legal organisation. For ensuring  the successful performance of the network a strong interactions of RENEB with national authorities and international organisations are required. NRPA leads WP5 that deals with dissemination of the project concept and its results, and focus on interaction s with relevant national and international organisations to facilitate the creation of the network, that is the specific task of the WP4.  NRPA is involved in WP4 and is a member of Executive board of the project

Realizing the European Network in Biodosimetry

The aim of the DoReMi is to promote sustainable integration of low dose risk research in Europe in order to more effectively resolve the key policy questions identified by the High Level Expert Group on Low Dose Risk Research (www.hleg.de), namely the sha pe/s of dose response relationship/s, variation in risk between individuals, tissue sensitivity for cancer, radiation quality, risks from internal exposures and non-cancer effects. The DoReMi provides an operational tool for the further development of the  MELODI platform (Multidisciplinary European Low Dose Risk Research Initiative) consisting of major national bodies and research programmes that have long term commitment in low dose risk research in Europe.The Joint Programme of Activities of the DoReMi  includes: (i) a Joint Programme of Research; (ii) a Joint Programme of Integration to realise a successful strategy for sustainable integration of the key players in Europe; and (iii) a Joint Programme for the Spreading of Excellence, covering in particul ar knowledge management, training & mobility and its implementation. The project has a multi-disciplinary approach including interfaces with the broader (i.e. non-radiation) biological, toxicological and epidemiological communities.
The DoReMi is expected  to lead to sustainable integration of low dose risk research in Europe which, in the longer term, would lead to an effective approach to resolution of the key remaining policy questions in radiation protection.
The Norwegian part of the project will focu s on using the UMB irradiation facility. The facility will be upgraded, calibrated and prepared for in vivo irradiation experiments of animals according to the needs of other DoReMi partners. The objective is to open the facility to DoReMi participants fo r beam time of 4-6 weeks per year (total 20 weeks over a 4 year period) as part of WP4: Infrastructures. Norewgian partners will also take part in WP2: Structuring of MELODI.

Low Dose Research towards Multidisciplinary Integration

This project is part of the FIGARO project submitted by three Norwegian partners (University of Biosciences UMB, Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority NRPA, and Norwegian Institute of Public Health NIPH), to DoReMi, with the intention of providing acce ss to the UMB irradiation facility. The proposal was accepted and all partners accepted by the EC into the network consortium. The project summary refers to UMBs contribution to the Figaro/DoReMi project.  

The gamma irradiation source at UMB provides a  continuous dose rate field from 8 mGy/hr down to 60 uGy/hr, and allows simultaneous, chronic exposure of samples over the whole dose-rate field. The facility was opened in 2004, and has been used for in vivo irradiation of fish, earthworms, plants, rodent s, and cell cultures, for up to three month exposure times.  The project will open the facility to DoReMi participants for beam time of 4-6 weeks per year (total 20 weeks over a 4 year period). Since the facility is almost exclusively designed and used fo r ecotoxicological studies, some infrastructure upgrades would be necessary to tailor the facility for chronic exposure of mice and cell cultures. While the facility has been used for experiments on mice, to date these have been short-term exposures. Prim arily the changes would involve the installation of an improved climate control system (temperature, light, humidity), and upgrading of the laboratory facilities in the control room.

DoReMi is the largest EU project on radiation protection in the EURATOM  7FP, and gathers the leading European experts in radiation biology. The opportunity to be both part of the consortium, as well as the joint experiments planned within the project will greatly promote networking opportunities both UMB and other Norwegian  scientists working in the field.

The DoReMi network consists of 7 WPs and UMB will contribute primarily to WP4 (Infrastructures); with additional work in WP2 Research Programme Structuring and WP3 (Education)

DoReMi - Facility for Low Level Irradiation Experiments

Det finnes mye kunnskap om helseeffekter av ioniserende stråling etter høye doserater/doser, og disse helseeffektene (kreft) antas å opptre lineært med eksponeringsdose. Det betyr at man ekstrapolerer fra kjente data etter høye doser/doserater til lave doser/doserater. Det er imidlertid lave doser/lave doserater som er mest relevant for befolkningen. Svært lite informasjon finnes om effekter av lav dose rate/lav dose ioniserende stråling, og det kan til dels forklares ut fra at epidemiologisk forskning ikke er egnet til å avsløre effektene ved disse eksponeringsnivåene. En viktig faktor har nok vært, og er, at det finnes svært få muligheter for å eksponere modellorganismer for slike doserate/doser. Prosjektet hadde derfor som hovedmål å etablere en eksponeringsenhet (Figaro) for bestråling (gamma) av flere typer organismer, inkludert gnagere (som fungerer som modell for mennesker) og genmodifiserte organismer, ved NMBU. Dette ble utført ved å oppgradere en eksisterende enhet. Medarbeidere ved Folkehelseinstituttet bidrog betydelig i arbeidet med etableringen
av enheten. Det ble videre utført et eksperimentelt forsøk med genmodifiserte mus for å etablere de nødvendige protokoller og infrastruktur i enheten, som en del av et større prosjekt. 
Resultatene fra det første eksperimentelle museforsøket har gitt ny og viktig informasjon, hvor vi før visste veldig lite, om effekter relatert til kreft og arvelige endringer (genotoksiske effekter, i kroppsvev og i germinalceller) samt effekter på reproduksjon. Prosjektet har ført til videre effektstudier med utgangspunkt i samme eksperiment, i andre prosjekter.  
Bestrålingsenheten er unik i verdenssammenheng, og har tiltrukket seg mange prosjekter. Et av disse gnager-prosjektene har fokusert på betydning av ioniserende stråling for utvikling av Parkinson sykdom, et annet tarmkreftutvikling.

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